Ziara za viongozi wa Benki ya Dunia nchini Tanzania ni sehemu ya kumakinisha unyonyaji wa Mabepari kwa Mataifa machanga.
Mnamo tarehe 19/03/2017 Raisi wa Benki ya Dunia (world Bank Group), Dr Jim Yang Kim alizuru Tanzania kwa ziara ya kikazi ya siku tatu mpaka 21/03/2017. Ziara hii ya Kim imefuatiwa na ziara ya Makhtar Diop, makamu wa Raisi wa Benki ya Dunia kwa Afrika aliyoifanya hapa nchini tarehe 24 mpaka 26 januari, 2017.
- Malengo ya ziara: ziara hizi zinalenga yafuatayo:
A: kumakinisha maslahi ya Amerika na kufafanua sera ya mambo ya nje ya Amerika kwa Tanzania. Ifahamike Benki ya Dunia ilianzishwa julai 1944, Breton Woods, New Hampshire, Amerika. Ilianzishwa na Amerika kama taasisi ya kusaidia nchi za ulaya kutokana na athari za vita ya pili ya dunia iliyoisha 1945.Tangu hapo Amerika huamua kila kitu ikiwemo nani asaidiwe, uraisi, muundo, mabadiliko ya benki hiyo n.k. Amerika pekee ndiyo yenye kura ya turufu (veto) katika benki hiyo. Amerika inahodhi asilimia 16 kati ya 85 ya kura zinazohitajika ili kufanya maamuzi katika benki hiyo. Amerika huitumia benki hii kueneza sera zake za mambo ya nje (ukoloni) na hiyo kumakinisha maslahi yake. Mfano: mwaka 1972 ilizuia msaada wa benki ya dunia kwa Chile iliyokuwa chini ya Rais Salvador Allende, na kupelekea mapinduzi ya 1973 yaliyopelekea mauaji ya Allende na kutawala dicteta Augustino Pinochet, ambapo Amerika ilizidisha misaada yake na kufikia dolari 350.5 milioni kutoka dolari 27.7 milioni kipindi cha Allende. Hii ilikuwa chini ya Rais Nixon na mshauri wake wa kijeshi Henry Kissinger. Mwaka 1982, Rais Reagan alizuia msaada wa benki hiyo kwa Nicaragua. Yameelezwa haya kwa wazi pia katika ripoti ya SAPRIN ya mwaka 2002.
Amma kuhusu sera ya sasa ya Amerika kwa Tanzania haijabadilika nayo ni kuendelea kuitumia kikanda, na kuifunga na mikataba ili Ulaya isije ikarejesha ushawishi wake hasa Uingereza. Akafafanua haya makamu wa Rais ya benki hiyo Diop pale aliposema “japo ni mapema kuelezea utawala mpya (wa Trump) lakini sitarajii mabadiliko makubwa (ya sera zake kwa Tanzania)” Pia akaongeza Diop “kitu muhimu ni kuwa taasisi za kikanda zinapaswa kufanya kazi kwa ufanisi mkubwa “(The citizen, 26/01/2017).
B: Kukagua maagizo na mipango iliyopangwa Tanzania na benki hiyo. Mipango ya Tanzania mingi ni maelekezo kutoka benki hii, na hapa tutaleta mifano michache:
- Upanuzi wa bandari ya Dar es salaam: Ripoti wa Benki ya Dunia 2014, ilisema “Tanzania na nchi za jirani wanapoteza dolari bilioni 2.6 kila mwaka kutokana na ufanisi hafifu wa bandari ya Dar es salaam”
Taarifa hii ndiyo inayopelekea mkataba wa mkopo wa dolari 305 milioni wa upanuzi wa bandari ya Dar es salaam. “mkataba wa mkopo ulifanyika kufuatia mazungumzo kati ya rais John Magufuli na Makhtar Diop, makamu wa rais wa Benki ya Dunia kwa Afrika “(Reuters, 27/01/2017).
- Uongezwaji wa kodi na sera za kubana matumizi: Katika taarifa ya Benki ya Dunia ya 01/07/2015 iliyopewa jina la “kwa nini watanzania wanatakiwa kulipa kodi” (why Tanzanians should pay Taxes) imesisitiza juu ya serikali kupanua wigo na kukuza ukusanyaji wa
Ripoti hii ya Benki ya Dunia kwa kiasi kikubwa ndiyo imekuwa dira ya utawala wa sasa, kukusanya kodi na kuongeza kodi kwa wananchi wanyonge. Makusanyo ya kodi yalifikia dolari billion 6 kwa mwaka 2014 ambayo yaliweza kulipia asilimia 75 ya mishahara ya wafanyakazi wote, bila kufanyika mradi wowote wa kimaendeleo.
Mbali na kuwa ukusunyaji wa kodi umeongezeka lakini bado nchi inaendelea kukopa kwa masharti magumu bila ya kujali uzito unaowakabili raia wakati wa kulipa madeni hayo. Sambamba na hilo kimsingi kodi hizi hazijagusa sekta nyeti kama madini, gesi, n.k sekta ambazo wawekezaji wake wakuu ni makampuni ya kimarekani.
Kwahiyo alipokuja Diop alitoa maagizo kwa serikali ya Tanzania na Kim amekuja kukagua utekelezaji wake “ ziara ya Kim inakuja kufuatia ziara iliyofanywa na makamu wa rais wa Benki ya Dunia kanda ya Afrika, Makhtar Diop mwezi januari mwaka huu Tanzania” (RFI, 19/03/2017).
Na ni wazi rais Magufuli ametekeleza vizuri maagizo na Kim aliashiria haya aliposema “nina imani sana na Magufuli “(mwananchi 21/03/2017) na akaongeza Kim kuwa “ nitakuja tena Tanzania kuangalia maendeleo yaliyofikiwa”
C: Kuifunga Tanzania na mikataba ya kinyonyaji: Licha ya kupiga kelele za kubeza misaada ya wakoloni, kwa kiasi kikubwa kabisa bado Tanzania inategemea misaada kutoka kwa wakoloni na chini ya mfumo huu wa kibepari haitarajiwi kattu kuachana na sera hii ya kutegemea misaada.
Rais Magufuli aliita misaada ya wahisani “ mkate wa masimango” na kusema “kuliko kula mkate huo ni bora kushindia mihogo”(mwananchi 18/04/2016). Pia akasema “ kwa hiyo ni lazima sisi watanzania kusimama sisi wenyewe” ( Rai, 31/03/2016). Misaada hii ya benki ya dunia kwa Tanzania haijaanza leo, mwaka 1960 Benki ya Dunia ilitoa dolari 2.8 millioni kwa ajili ya kiwanda cha sukari cha kilombero, 1965 ilitoa dolari milioni 5 kwa ajili ya kilimo, 1962 ilitoa dolari milioni 4.6 katika mradi wa ujenzi wa shule na mpaka sasa inadhamini miradi 23 kwa dolari bilioni 3.6 na miradi 7 ya kikanda kwa dolari milioni 551 na hiyo kufanya jumla ya misaada yake kufikia dolari bilioni 4. 3
Mikataba hii inaifunga Tanzania kuendelea kuwa mtumwa wa Amerika na ubepari kama tutakavyoeleza baadaye, licha ya kulitumbukiza taifa katika madeni endelevu na umasikini uliokithiri.
D:Kukuza mahusiano kati ya Tanzania na Benki ya Dunia: Kwa kuzingatia sababu hizo 3 hapo juu ndiyo zinaleta picha ya kile kilichotajwa na Taarifa ya Benki hiyo juu ya ziara ya Kim nchini Tanzania 17/03/2017 ikisema kuwa, ziara inalenga kuzungumzia mahusiano kati ya Tanzania na Benki ya Dunia na kukagua miradi inayodhaminiwa na Benki ya Dunia.
2 .Madhara ya misaada hii kwa Tanzania na nchi zinazoendelea:
A: Tanzania: Madhara yaliyoletwa na Benki hii na misaada yake kwa Tanzania ni makubwa sana, tukianza na umasikini, ambapo misaada hii (mikopo) ilipelekea Tanzania kuwa katika nchi zinazodaiwa sana (Highly Indebted countries). Licha ya misaada yote hiyo, umasikini jumla umeongezeka ambapo asilimia sabiini (70%) ya watanzania wanaishi kwa chini ya dolari 2 kwa siku ( Tanzania mainland poverty Assessment Report, World Bank, 7/05/2015)
Mikopo hii imesababisha ongezeko la ukosefu ya ajira hasa kwa vijana wanaohitimu masomo yao. Ni kutokana na sera mbovu za Benki hii ndio zilizopelekea kuuwawa viwanda vyetu na mashirika ya umma hapa nchini. Ni watanzania milioni 2.3 tu ndio waliomo katika ajira rasmi (The Employment and Earnings Survey Report NBS, 2015)
Ama ujinga umeongezeka sana, katika miaka ya 1970 mpaka 1980, watanzania 80% walijua kusoma na kuandika, lakini licha ya mikopo ya mabilioni ya dola iliyoelekezwa katika sekta ya elimu 78% ya watanzania hawajui kusoma na kuandika. (allafrica.com 8/9/2016).
Mikopo hii imeongeza deni la taifa na kufikia trilioni 40, wastani wa milioni 1 kwa kila mtanzania (BBC, 05/07/2016).
B: Madhara kwa nchi zinazoendelea kwa ujumla: Tunaweza kuyaona kwa kifupi kama yafuatayo:
Katika ripoti ya Benki ya Dunia 2002, iliyofanywa na SAPRIN (Structural Adjustment Participatory Review International Network) imefafanua kuwa sera za Benki ya Dunia zimeongeza umasikini ukosefu wa ajira, ukosefu wa usalama, utapia mlo na uchumi mbovu, ambapo Afrika ndiyo iliyoathirika zaidi.
Inaendelea kueleza ripoti hiyo kuwa sera hizo zilipelekea mgogoro wa madeni (1980’s Debt crisis) kwa nchi zinazoendelea, kutoka 1986-1997, ambapo watu milioni 460, nusu ya wakazi wa latin Amerika waliingia katika umasikini mkubwa, ikiwa ni ongezeko la watu milioni 60 kwa miaka 10 tu.
Inafafanua vile vile ripoti hiyo kuwa Uchumi wa Afrika ulishuka kwa 15% kati ya mwaka 1980 mpaka 2000, nusu ya watu wa Afrika, 350 milioni kati ya 682 milioni walikuwa katika umasikini wa kupitiliza kufikia mwaka 2003 na hali inazidi kuwa mbaya siku hadi siku.
Taarifa ya taasisi ya Canada ya sera mbadala julai, 2004 iliyoitwa “Impoverishing a continent. The World Bank and the IMF in Africa, inafafanua yafuatayo pia:
Usafirishaji wa malighafi zisizo mafuta umeshuka kwa 35% tangu 1997, Deni la Africa limeongeza kwa 500% tangu mwaka 1980 na kufikia dolari bilioni 333 mwaka 2004 na bilioni 430 kwa latin Amerika. Nchi za Afrika kusini mwa jangwa la sahara zimepeleka kwa wakoloni dolari bilioni 229 tangu 1980 mpaka 2004, ambayo ni mara nne ya deni halisi.
Hivyo kwa kifupi ziara hizi hazina tija yeyote kwa nchi zetu changa bali maafa na kuendeleza ukoloni. Ni jukumu la wananchi wote kuinua sauti zao kuzilaani na kuzipinga ziara hizi hata kama baadhi ya viongozi vibaraka huzitumia kwa kujifakharisha na kuonesha uungwaji mkono na misaada wanayoipata kutoka kwa taasisi hizi eti ni kutokana na ubora wa sera zao za kiuchumi kwa wananchi wao.
Saidi Bitomwa
Asking questions are actually good thing if you are
not understanding anything entirely, except this paragraph presents good understanding even.
»Niet minder zou het mijne ziel gegriefd hebben en ontrust, had ik zoo jeugdig en wonderschoon eene miss van dit land eene kwetsuur toegebracht
door mijn paard,” hernam de Engelsche ridder, »maar wie zijt gij, master!
Also visit my homepage: bril blauw
licht filter
Superb blog you have here but I was wondering if
you knew of any discussion boards that cover the same topics discussed here?
I’d really love to be a part of online community
where I can get advice from other experienced individuals
that share the same interest. If you have any recommendations, please let me know.
Many thanks!
It’s hard to find experienced people on this subject, however, you seem like you know what you’re talking about!
Thanks
I got this web page from my pal who shared with me
regarding this web page and at the moment this time I am browsing this web
site and reading very informative articles or reviews at this place.
Hmm is anyone else having problems with the images on this blog loading?
I’m trying to find out if its a problem on my end
or if it’s the blog. Any feed-back would
be greatly appreciated.
Howdy very nice site!! Man .. Excellent .. Superb ..
I’ll bookmark your web site and take the feeds also?
I’m satisfied to seek out numerous useful information right here in the publish, we’d
like develop more strategies in this regard, thank you for sharing.
. . . . .
Hello! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website with us
so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely loving the
information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my
followers! Terrific blog and fantastic style and design.
I loved as much as you will receive carried out right here.
The sketch is attractive, your authored
material stylish. nonetheless, you command get got an edginess over that you
wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come further formerly again since exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this hike.
Good article. I absolutely appreciate this site.
Stick with it!
Everyone loves what you guys tend to be up too. Such clever work
and coverage! Keep up the very good works guys I’ve
included you guys to our blogroll.
Inspiring story there. What occurred after? Thanks!
Link exchange is nothing else however it is just placing
the other person’s blog link on your page at suitable place and other
person will also do similar in favor of you.
This excellent website definitely has all the information I needed concerning this subject and didn’t know who to ask.
What’s up it’s me, I am also visiting this site on a regular basis, this web site is truly
pleasant and the people are really sharing good thoughts.
If some one wishes to be updated with latest technologies afterward he must
be go to see this web site and be up to date everyday.
Hey very interesting blog!
You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be really something
that I think I would never understand. It seems too complicated and
extremely broad for me. I am looking forward for your next post,
I’ll try to get the hang of it!
Useful info. Lucky me I discovered your website by chance, and I’m surprised why this
coincidence didn’t took place earlier! I bookmarked it.
Hello, I enjoy reading through your article post.
I wanted to write a little comment to support you.
Violent Lambs 182, North Star Northern Lights 184.
I really love your website.. Great colors & theme.
Did you make this web site yourself? Please reply back as I’m
looking to create my very own site and would like to learn where you got this
from or what the theme is called. Appreciate it!
An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a coworker
who has been doing a little research on this.
And he actually ordered me dinner due to the fact that I found it for him…
lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending time to talk about this issue here on your web site..
We’re ecstatic to have seen such a beautifully crafted web presence.
Your posts speaks volumes to genuine craftsmanship. Having been involved in the domain of online
publishing for many years, it’s truly inspiring to find a resource as exceptional as yours.
As passionate providers of exceptional taste and peerless customer care, at [Your Catering Service Name], we are always aiming to match the high standards you’ve set here with our culinary offerings.
No matter if you’re hosting a wedding or looking for mouthwatering culinary delights for any event, we’d be absolutely thrilled to be of service.
You’re welcome to explore us to catch a glimpse of what we
serve up. Let’s join forces to create your next occasion is one for the books.
Eager to providing for your future gatherings!
She plays football and cricket, and rides a bike.
Wow, incredible blog structure! How lengthy have you been running a blog
for? you make running a blog glance easy. The whole glance of your
web site is magnificent, as smartly as the content material!
You can see similar here dobry sklep
Hi there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found
that it’s truly informative. I’m gonna watch out for brussels.
I’ll appreciate if you continue this in future.
Lots of people will be benefited from your writing.
Cheers! Escape room lista
I like this web blog it’s a master piece! Glad I discovered this on google.!
I was more than happy to discover this great site. I need to to thank you for your time due to this fantastic read!! I definitely liked every part of it and i also have you saved as a favorite to check out new stuff in your website.
Right here is the perfect blog for anybody who wishes to understand this topic. You understand so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that I personally will need to…HaHa). You definitely put a brand new spin on a subject which has been discussed for decades. Excellent stuff, just wonderful.
Saved as a favorite, I really like your website.
This is a topic that’s near to my heart… Best wishes! Where can I find the contact details for questions?