Ziara za viongozi wa Benki ya Dunia nchini Tanzania ni sehemu ya kumakinisha unyonyaji wa Mabepari kwa Mataifa machanga.
Mnamo tarehe 19/03/2017 Raisi wa Benki ya Dunia (world Bank Group), Dr Jim Yang Kim alizuru Tanzania kwa ziara ya kikazi ya siku tatu mpaka 21/03/2017. Ziara hii ya Kim imefuatiwa na ziara ya Makhtar Diop, makamu wa Raisi wa Benki ya Dunia kwa Afrika aliyoifanya hapa nchini tarehe 24 mpaka 26 januari, 2017.
- Malengo ya ziara: ziara hizi zinalenga yafuatayo:
A: kumakinisha maslahi ya Amerika na kufafanua sera ya mambo ya nje ya Amerika kwa Tanzania. Ifahamike Benki ya Dunia ilianzishwa julai 1944, Breton Woods, New Hampshire, Amerika. Ilianzishwa na Amerika kama taasisi ya kusaidia nchi za ulaya kutokana na athari za vita ya pili ya dunia iliyoisha 1945.Tangu hapo Amerika huamua kila kitu ikiwemo nani asaidiwe, uraisi, muundo, mabadiliko ya benki hiyo n.k. Amerika pekee ndiyo yenye kura ya turufu (veto) katika benki hiyo. Amerika inahodhi asilimia 16 kati ya 85 ya kura zinazohitajika ili kufanya maamuzi katika benki hiyo. Amerika huitumia benki hii kueneza sera zake za mambo ya nje (ukoloni) na hiyo kumakinisha maslahi yake. Mfano: mwaka 1972 ilizuia msaada wa benki ya dunia kwa Chile iliyokuwa chini ya Rais Salvador Allende, na kupelekea mapinduzi ya 1973 yaliyopelekea mauaji ya Allende na kutawala dicteta Augustino Pinochet, ambapo Amerika ilizidisha misaada yake na kufikia dolari 350.5 milioni kutoka dolari 27.7 milioni kipindi cha Allende. Hii ilikuwa chini ya Rais Nixon na mshauri wake wa kijeshi Henry Kissinger. Mwaka 1982, Rais Reagan alizuia msaada wa benki hiyo kwa Nicaragua. Yameelezwa haya kwa wazi pia katika ripoti ya SAPRIN ya mwaka 2002.
Amma kuhusu sera ya sasa ya Amerika kwa Tanzania haijabadilika nayo ni kuendelea kuitumia kikanda, na kuifunga na mikataba ili Ulaya isije ikarejesha ushawishi wake hasa Uingereza. Akafafanua haya makamu wa Rais ya benki hiyo Diop pale aliposema “japo ni mapema kuelezea utawala mpya (wa Trump) lakini sitarajii mabadiliko makubwa (ya sera zake kwa Tanzania)” Pia akaongeza Diop “kitu muhimu ni kuwa taasisi za kikanda zinapaswa kufanya kazi kwa ufanisi mkubwa “(The citizen, 26/01/2017).
B: Kukagua maagizo na mipango iliyopangwa Tanzania na benki hiyo. Mipango ya Tanzania mingi ni maelekezo kutoka benki hii, na hapa tutaleta mifano michache:
- Upanuzi wa bandari ya Dar es salaam: Ripoti wa Benki ya Dunia 2014, ilisema “Tanzania na nchi za jirani wanapoteza dolari bilioni 2.6 kila mwaka kutokana na ufanisi hafifu wa bandari ya Dar es salaam”
Taarifa hii ndiyo inayopelekea mkataba wa mkopo wa dolari 305 milioni wa upanuzi wa bandari ya Dar es salaam. “mkataba wa mkopo ulifanyika kufuatia mazungumzo kati ya rais John Magufuli na Makhtar Diop, makamu wa rais wa Benki ya Dunia kwa Afrika “(Reuters, 27/01/2017).
- Uongezwaji wa kodi na sera za kubana matumizi: Katika taarifa ya Benki ya Dunia ya 01/07/2015 iliyopewa jina la “kwa nini watanzania wanatakiwa kulipa kodi” (why Tanzanians should pay Taxes) imesisitiza juu ya serikali kupanua wigo na kukuza ukusanyaji wa
Ripoti hii ya Benki ya Dunia kwa kiasi kikubwa ndiyo imekuwa dira ya utawala wa sasa, kukusanya kodi na kuongeza kodi kwa wananchi wanyonge. Makusanyo ya kodi yalifikia dolari billion 6 kwa mwaka 2014 ambayo yaliweza kulipia asilimia 75 ya mishahara ya wafanyakazi wote, bila kufanyika mradi wowote wa kimaendeleo.
Mbali na kuwa ukusunyaji wa kodi umeongezeka lakini bado nchi inaendelea kukopa kwa masharti magumu bila ya kujali uzito unaowakabili raia wakati wa kulipa madeni hayo. Sambamba na hilo kimsingi kodi hizi hazijagusa sekta nyeti kama madini, gesi, n.k sekta ambazo wawekezaji wake wakuu ni makampuni ya kimarekani.
Kwahiyo alipokuja Diop alitoa maagizo kwa serikali ya Tanzania na Kim amekuja kukagua utekelezaji wake “ ziara ya Kim inakuja kufuatia ziara iliyofanywa na makamu wa rais wa Benki ya Dunia kanda ya Afrika, Makhtar Diop mwezi januari mwaka huu Tanzania” (RFI, 19/03/2017).
Na ni wazi rais Magufuli ametekeleza vizuri maagizo na Kim aliashiria haya aliposema “nina imani sana na Magufuli “(mwananchi 21/03/2017) na akaongeza Kim kuwa “ nitakuja tena Tanzania kuangalia maendeleo yaliyofikiwa”
C: Kuifunga Tanzania na mikataba ya kinyonyaji: Licha ya kupiga kelele za kubeza misaada ya wakoloni, kwa kiasi kikubwa kabisa bado Tanzania inategemea misaada kutoka kwa wakoloni na chini ya mfumo huu wa kibepari haitarajiwi kattu kuachana na sera hii ya kutegemea misaada.
Rais Magufuli aliita misaada ya wahisani “ mkate wa masimango” na kusema “kuliko kula mkate huo ni bora kushindia mihogo”(mwananchi 18/04/2016). Pia akasema “ kwa hiyo ni lazima sisi watanzania kusimama sisi wenyewe” ( Rai, 31/03/2016). Misaada hii ya benki ya dunia kwa Tanzania haijaanza leo, mwaka 1960 Benki ya Dunia ilitoa dolari 2.8 millioni kwa ajili ya kiwanda cha sukari cha kilombero, 1965 ilitoa dolari milioni 5 kwa ajili ya kilimo, 1962 ilitoa dolari milioni 4.6 katika mradi wa ujenzi wa shule na mpaka sasa inadhamini miradi 23 kwa dolari bilioni 3.6 na miradi 7 ya kikanda kwa dolari milioni 551 na hiyo kufanya jumla ya misaada yake kufikia dolari bilioni 4. 3
Mikataba hii inaifunga Tanzania kuendelea kuwa mtumwa wa Amerika na ubepari kama tutakavyoeleza baadaye, licha ya kulitumbukiza taifa katika madeni endelevu na umasikini uliokithiri.
D:Kukuza mahusiano kati ya Tanzania na Benki ya Dunia: Kwa kuzingatia sababu hizo 3 hapo juu ndiyo zinaleta picha ya kile kilichotajwa na Taarifa ya Benki hiyo juu ya ziara ya Kim nchini Tanzania 17/03/2017 ikisema kuwa, ziara inalenga kuzungumzia mahusiano kati ya Tanzania na Benki ya Dunia na kukagua miradi inayodhaminiwa na Benki ya Dunia.
2 .Madhara ya misaada hii kwa Tanzania na nchi zinazoendelea:
A: Tanzania: Madhara yaliyoletwa na Benki hii na misaada yake kwa Tanzania ni makubwa sana, tukianza na umasikini, ambapo misaada hii (mikopo) ilipelekea Tanzania kuwa katika nchi zinazodaiwa sana (Highly Indebted countries). Licha ya misaada yote hiyo, umasikini jumla umeongezeka ambapo asilimia sabiini (70%) ya watanzania wanaishi kwa chini ya dolari 2 kwa siku ( Tanzania mainland poverty Assessment Report, World Bank, 7/05/2015)
Mikopo hii imesababisha ongezeko la ukosefu ya ajira hasa kwa vijana wanaohitimu masomo yao. Ni kutokana na sera mbovu za Benki hii ndio zilizopelekea kuuwawa viwanda vyetu na mashirika ya umma hapa nchini. Ni watanzania milioni 2.3 tu ndio waliomo katika ajira rasmi (The Employment and Earnings Survey Report NBS, 2015)
Ama ujinga umeongezeka sana, katika miaka ya 1970 mpaka 1980, watanzania 80% walijua kusoma na kuandika, lakini licha ya mikopo ya mabilioni ya dola iliyoelekezwa katika sekta ya elimu 78% ya watanzania hawajui kusoma na kuandika. (allafrica.com 8/9/2016).
Mikopo hii imeongeza deni la taifa na kufikia trilioni 40, wastani wa milioni 1 kwa kila mtanzania (BBC, 05/07/2016).
B: Madhara kwa nchi zinazoendelea kwa ujumla: Tunaweza kuyaona kwa kifupi kama yafuatayo:
Katika ripoti ya Benki ya Dunia 2002, iliyofanywa na SAPRIN (Structural Adjustment Participatory Review International Network) imefafanua kuwa sera za Benki ya Dunia zimeongeza umasikini ukosefu wa ajira, ukosefu wa usalama, utapia mlo na uchumi mbovu, ambapo Afrika ndiyo iliyoathirika zaidi.
Inaendelea kueleza ripoti hiyo kuwa sera hizo zilipelekea mgogoro wa madeni (1980’s Debt crisis) kwa nchi zinazoendelea, kutoka 1986-1997, ambapo watu milioni 460, nusu ya wakazi wa latin Amerika waliingia katika umasikini mkubwa, ikiwa ni ongezeko la watu milioni 60 kwa miaka 10 tu.
Inafafanua vile vile ripoti hiyo kuwa Uchumi wa Afrika ulishuka kwa 15% kati ya mwaka 1980 mpaka 2000, nusu ya watu wa Afrika, 350 milioni kati ya 682 milioni walikuwa katika umasikini wa kupitiliza kufikia mwaka 2003 na hali inazidi kuwa mbaya siku hadi siku.
Taarifa ya taasisi ya Canada ya sera mbadala julai, 2004 iliyoitwa “Impoverishing a continent. The World Bank and the IMF in Africa, inafafanua yafuatayo pia:
Usafirishaji wa malighafi zisizo mafuta umeshuka kwa 35% tangu 1997, Deni la Africa limeongeza kwa 500% tangu mwaka 1980 na kufikia dolari bilioni 333 mwaka 2004 na bilioni 430 kwa latin Amerika. Nchi za Afrika kusini mwa jangwa la sahara zimepeleka kwa wakoloni dolari bilioni 229 tangu 1980 mpaka 2004, ambayo ni mara nne ya deni halisi.
Hivyo kwa kifupi ziara hizi hazina tija yeyote kwa nchi zetu changa bali maafa na kuendeleza ukoloni. Ni jukumu la wananchi wote kuinua sauti zao kuzilaani na kuzipinga ziara hizi hata kama baadhi ya viongozi vibaraka huzitumia kwa kujifakharisha na kuonesha uungwaji mkono na misaada wanayoipata kutoka kwa taasisi hizi eti ni kutokana na ubora wa sera zao za kiuchumi kwa wananchi wao.
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